All my astrophotography to date has been done without the aid of a telescope. I use a Sigma EX 800mm f5.6 auto focus telephoto lens (APO) and matched Sigma 1.4x and 2x teleconverters. I stack the teleconverters to create focal lengths up to 3200mm. I have developed a technique for steadying the camera which involves the use of a tripod and a bipod. The tripod supports the lens and camera while the bipod is used to jack up the camera to damp out vibration. I use a Nikon D100 digital SLR which has no mirror lock capability. This photo of the first quarter moon was made with a single exposure; 1600mm, 1/90 sec, f11, WB cloudy-3, ISO 200, manual focus. Ive made adjustments to the photo with the levels, curves, and sharpness tools in PhotoShop CS.